2026-08-10T17:21:44-05:00 2025-09-30 860750225 Keegan Linscott & Associates PC 3443 N Campbell Avenue Suite 115 Tucson AZ 85719 990 2024-10-01 330175263 Planetary Science Institute PLAN 5206226300 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd No 106 Tucson AZ 85719 Maurizio Balistreri Chief Financial Officer 5206226300 2026-08-10 1 1 Carla J Keegan P00596839 5208840176 2024 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z Amanda R Hendrix 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd No 106 Tucson AZ 85719 17044515 0 X www.psi.edu X 1986 AZ Solar system exploration, comparative planetology, science education and public outreach 5 5 172 4 0 0 127528 116313 17674797 16871209 66962 50478 6143 6515 17875430 17044515 0 0 0 0 13200431 13129275 0 0 2184 4592816 4153109 17793247 17282384 82183 -237869 5660734 4777031 2230439 1542642 3430295 3234389 X The Planetary Science Institute exists to: enable our researchers to study the origin, characteristics, and evolution of planetary systems, including our solar system, Earth itself, and planetary systems around other stars; enable our educators to convey the resulting knowledge to the scientific community, and to the public at large to promote science education and science literacy; enable our people to use this knowledge to advance human activity in space and shape the future of robotic exploration of the solar system. 0 0 15392652 16871209 The Planetary Science Institute (PSI) is an independent nonprofit science research and educational organization with an established record of excellence in solar system exploration, comparative planetology, science education and public outreach. PSI has scientists in more than 30 states, the District of Columbia, and other locations around the world. PSI scientists were awarded research grants and contracts to conduct diverse research and laboratory studies covering the Moon, Mars, asteroids, comets, meteorites, outer planet satellites, solar system dynamics, solar system origins, planets around other stars, and other areas. In the fiscal year ending September 30, 2025, PSI scientists operated instruments on NASA's Mars Science Laboratory and Juno missions and provided science team support for these missions along with NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Perseverance Rover, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Psyche, New Horizons, and Europa Clipper missions and ESA's Mars Express. PSI scientists are developing insights into the origin of life, have discovered widespread water on the Moon, found a new population of impact craters on Venus and studied the possibilities for life on Saturn's moon Enceladus. They have improved our understanding of Earth's ionosphere and discovered potential ice-rich deposits in the equatorial region of Mars.The PSI Observatory continues to be used in the study of Jupiter's Io torus, the observation of comets, exoplanets and other bodies. PSI scientists support an instrument on the International Space Station to study the climate effects of dust (particularly from North Africa).PSI is responsible, as part of NASA's Planetary Data System, for archiving all mission data involving asteroids, comets and interplanetary dust and making it available to the general science community and public. PSI scientists engaged in public outreach through art, writing children's books, popular science books, and public lectures and broadcast events such as Discovery Channel and BBC specials. 15392652 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 15 0 1 172 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X X The Organization 5206226300 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd No 106 Tucson AZ 85719 Mark V Sykes CEO / Trustee (through April 2025) 40.00 X X 251399 0 44544 Amanda R Hendrix CEO / Trustee (effective May 2025) 35.00 X X 165502 0 41947 Scott Fouse Trustee/Board Chair 5.00 X X 0 0 0 William Craig Trustee/Vice Chair 5.00 X X 0 0 0 William Hartmann Trustee 5.00 X 0 0 0 Alison Nordt Trustee 5.00 X 0 0 0 Arun Seraphin Trustee 5.00 X 0 0 0 Dan Dumbacher Trustee 5.00 X 0 0 0 Maurizio A Ienna-Balistreri CFO / Treasurer 40.00 X 186274 0 51135 Linda L Rueger HR Director / Secretary 40.00 X 155078 0 31059 Melinda Dyar Senior Scientist 40.00 X 241888 0 33582 Nathaniel Putzig Senior Scientist 39.00 X 182127 0 41099 Rebecca M Williams Senior Scientist 40.00 X 174692 0 24360 Jonathan M Lilly Senior Scientist 40.00 X 183994 0 25663 Eldar Z Noe Dobrea Senior Scientist 40.00 X 176641 0 32244 1717595 0 325633 36 0 1 0 0 116313 116313 Grant Revenue 541700 16871209 16871209 16871209 50478 50478 Other Revenue 541700 6515 6515 6515 17044515 16871209 0 56993 771596 226549 545047 9416374 8872869 542019 1486 1170547 1020289 150258 1003784 880795 122947 42 766974 674486 92366 122 18532 7116 11416 40000 3358 36642 3238 3238 79777 33584 46193 35550 26804 8281 465 108773 97712 11061 207486 164187 43299 462870 458508 4362 174642 163073 11500 69 7470 5728 1742 232562 202256 30306 37440 37440 Subcontracted Research 2207254 2207254 Consulting 168914 168664 250 Communications 82786 43954 38832 Publication Costs 71409 71409 214406 64057 150349 17282384 15392652 1887548 2184 2387106 1622869 364986 407992 1609012 1677625 35258 49434 3608539 2648592 1129728 959947 134644 59164 5660734 4777031 2003848 1413934 73495 60644 153096 68064 2230439 1542642 X 3313255 3119353 117040 115036 3430295 3234389 5660734 4777031 -237869 41963 0 X 0 1 X 1 1 1 X 17285049 18502354 17863057 17674797 16987522 88312779 17285049 18502354 17863057 17674797 16987522 88312779 88312779 10402 15066 61275 66962 50478 204183 7954 12896 6143 6515 33508 88550470 0.99730 0.99780 X RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 2298935 1452768 846167 1309604 1195824 113780 959947 Operating Lease Liablity 68064 68064 X 17083240 41963 -3238 38725 17044515 0 17044515 17279146 0 17279146 3238 3238 17282384 Part X, Line 2: The Institute is exempt from federal income taxes under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Institute is also exempt from state income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for federal or state income taxes is recorded in the accompanying financial statements. Management is not aware of any matters which would cause the Institute to lose its tax-exempt status. However, income from certain activities not directly related to the Institute's tax-exempt purpose, may be subject to taxation as unrelated business income. Management has considered its tax positions and believes that all of the positions taken in its federal and state exempt organization tax returns are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. The Institute's returns are subject to examination by federal and state taxing authorities, generally for three years and four years, respectively, after they are filed. The Institute recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in operating and general expenses in the accompanying financial statements. During the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Institute did not recognize any interest and penalties. Part XI, Line 2d - Other Adjustments: Investment Management Fees -3,238. Part XII, Line 4b - Other Adjustments: Investment Management Fees 3,238. X X X 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mark V Sykes CEO / Trustee (through April 2025) 249295 0 0 0 2104 0 34877 0 9667 0 295943 0 0 0 Melinda Dyar Senior Scientist 239869 0 0 0 2019 0 33582 0 0 0 275470 0 0 0 Maurizio A Ienna-Balistreri CFO / Treasurer 185974 0 0 0 300 0 25973 0 25162 0 237409 0 0 0 Nathaniel Putzig Senior Scientist 180147 0 0 0 1980 0 25180 0 15919 0 223226 0 0 0 Jonathan M Lilly Senior Scientist 183304 0 0 0 690 0 25663 0 0 0 209657 0 0 0 Eldar Z Noe Dobrea Senior Scientist 176191 0 0 0 450 0 24648 0 7596 0 208885 0 0 0 Amanda R Hendrix CEO / Trustee (effective May 2025) 163531 0 681 0 1290 0 22942 0 19005 0 207449 0 0 0 Rebecca M Williams Senior Scientist 174002 0 0 0 690 0 24360 0 0 0 199052 0 0 0 Linda L Rueger HR Director / Secretary 149974 0 3000 0 2104 0 21392 0 9667 0 186137 0 0 0 Part I, Line 4a Mark Sykes served as Chief Executive Officer through April 30, 2025. In connection with the separation, the Institute paid severance compensation pursuant to the terms of a pre-existing written employment agreement, which was approved by the Board of Trustees. Payments were made between May and September 2025 and consisted of the following: Salary continuation: $170,869 Taxable group-term life insurance imputed income: $1,236 Employer contributions to the Institute's 403(b) retirement plan: $23,922 Employer-paid medical insurance premiums: $6,848 Total severance-related compensation: $202,875 Because these payments were made during calendar year 2025, they are not reflected in Part II of this Schedule J, which reports calendar year 2024 compensation. This severance compensation will be reported as reportable compensation to a former officer on the Institute's Form 990 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026. Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 8b Planetary Science Institute does not have committees that have authority to act on behalf of the governing body. Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11b The CFO coordinates the preparation of the tax return with the Institute's independent auditing firm, which is selected by Board resolution. The Controller and CFO review the tax return line by line and discuss all elements of the return with the CEO. After final review and discussion, the CFO signs the tax return. Other members of the Board are provided a copy of the return prior to the return being filed. Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c Employees and Trustees are required to sign the COI policy upon onboarding. PSI's procurement policy requires purchases in excess of certain thresholds to have multiple quotes, mitigating the risk of paying excessive amounts to potentially conflicted parties. Direct cost purchases are scrutinized for compliance by PIs and Finance staff. Indirect cost purchases are scrutinized by Finance staff, including Controller, CFO, and CEO. Quarterly financial reports are reviewed by Management and Board of Trustees. Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15 Compensation for the CEO and CFO are reviewed, discussed, and approved by the Board of Trustees. Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19 The organization's financial statements, governing documents, etc. are made available to the public upon request.