2024-09-13T13:24:10-05:00 2023-12-31 410746749 CLIFTONLARSONALLEN LLP 150 S WARNER ROAD SUITE 310 KING OF PRUSSIA PA 19406 990 2023-01-01 231387107 THE SARAH RALSTON FOUNDATION SARA 2153862984 123 SOUTH BROAD STREET 2245 PHILADELPHIA PA 19109 LYNETTE KILLEN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 2153862984 2024-09-12 1 0 MALLORY GOOD P01704765 2156433900 2024-09-12 2023 2024-08-08 14:25:15Z X LYNETTE KILLEN 123 SOUTH BROAD STREET 2245 PHILADELPHIA PA 19109 133613598 0 X WWW.SARAHRALSTONFOUNDATION.ORG X 1934 PA TO FUND ORGANIZATIONS THAT SERVE VULNERABLE AND UNDERSERVED PHILADELPHIA COUNTY OLDER ADULTS. 11 11 4 11 0 0 109433 137279 586352 11380 463802 44539617 162513 0 1322100 44688276 869 2008250 0 0 366916 379836 0 0 8160 684950 449420 1052735 2837506 269365 41850770 15325954 58124198 865589 136601 14460365 57987597 X THE SARAH RALSTON FOUNDATION SUPPORTS AND ENHANCES THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF VULNERABLE AND UNDERSERVED OLDER ADULTS RESIDING IN PHILADELPHIA COUNTY. CONTINUED ON SCHEDULE O. 1 0 2413132 2008250 11380 THE FOUNDATION RAN TWO GRANT CYCLES. THE FIRST CYCLE WAS AN OPERATING GRANT CYCLE - THE APPLICATION WAS DUE 4/1/2023, THE AWARDS WERE ANNOUNCED 5-2023, AND PAYMENTS MADE 6-2023. TO QUALIFY FOR THIS GRANT, THERE WAS A BUDGET CAP. THE SECOND CYCLE WAS AN INNOVATIVE GRANT CYCLE - THE APPLICATION WAS DUE 9/1/2023, THE AWARDS WERE ANNOUNCED 11-2023, AND PAYMENTS WERE MADE 12-2023. MANY OF THE INNOVATIVE GRANTS WERE MULTI-YEAR. THE OPERATING GRANTS WERE ONLY AWARDED FOR ONE YEAR. 2413132 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 12 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 PA X LYNETTE KILLEN 2153862984 123 S BROAD STREET SUITE 2245 PHILADELPHIA PA 19109 LYNETTE M KILLEN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 40.00 2.00 X 220560 0 13897 NEVILLE E STRUMPF PHD FAAN PRESIDENT 3.00 2.00 X X 0 0 0 BENJAMIN T HOYLE MGA VICE PRESIDENT 1.00 X X 0 0 0 THERESE DEVRIES NARZIKUL MBA MSN SECRETARY 1.00 X X 0 0 0 LARRY DANIELS MBA TREASURER 1.00 X X 0 0 0 RANDALL J BRAUNFELD MA DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 ANNE E CALLAN MPH CPH DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 U TARA HAYDEN MHSA DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 JERRY C JOHNSON MD DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 DAVID NAGEL ESQ DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 ELISE ROBINSON PIZZI MSN CRNP DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MICHAEL J WASSIL CPA DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 220560 0 13897 1 0 1 0 0 137279 137279 RENTAL REVENUE 900099 11380 11380 11380 1675186 1675186 87639753 44150000 85600960 3324362 2038793 40825638 42864431 42864431 44688276 11380 0 44539617 2008250 2008250 234458 175843 58615 108735 88278 16841 3616 2543 1686 845 12 10086 7299 2773 14 24014 18502 5248 264 12111 12111 85974 12896 73078 171737 171737 29409 22684 6144 581 27498 22665 4394 439 16140 12508 3338 294 25136 12199 12788 149 21114 11657 7593 1864 225 70 155 1789 503 1208 78 2890 2890 33583 14460 18329 794 OPERATING EXPENSES 12790 12790 RECRUITING 5263 1359 3904 REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE 2765 2156 554 55 DUES & SUBSCRIPTIONS 487 117 370 509 509 2837506 2413132 416214 8160 1366596 217074 25590 28394 40026 14126 13774 6614 33271 7160 10954991 55882840 2905480 1974604 15325954 58124198 352587 26787 513002 0 0 0 109814 865589 136601 X 10342797 54175642 4117568 3811955 14460365 57987597 15325954 58124198 X 41850770 1541146 135316 X 0 1 X 1 0 X 192674 237220 340478 109433 137279 1017084 192674 237220 340478 109433 137279 1017084 258605 758479 231148 176908 319536 217710 1675186 2620488 3637572 3339882 0.20850 0.30690 X WITHIN THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS, THERE HAVE BEEN DONATIONS IN SMALLER AMOUNTS FROM A NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS, WHICH HAS RESULTED IN THE RECENT PUBLIC SUPPORT PERCENTAGE FALLING BELOW 33.33%. THE FUNDING WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DIVERSIFIED STILL TO MAINTAIN A SUPPORT PERCENTAGE ABOVE 10.00%. THE SARAH RALSTON FOUNDATION SOLD THEIR BUILDING WHICH RESULTED IN LARGE GAIN ON PROCEEDS THAT HAS ALLOWED THE ORGANIZATION TO CONTINUE TO FUND THEIR GRANT PROGRAMMING. THE FOUNDATION CONTINUES TO SOLICIT FUNDS FROM THE GENERAL PUBLIC AND LOCAL COMMUNITY. THEY MAINTAIN A DONATION SOLICITATION ON THEIR WEBSITE. THE FOUNDATION'S BOARD OF DIRECTORS IS REPRESENTED BY A VARIETY OF INTERESTS AND WILL CONTINUE TO SUPPORT THE FOUNDATION IN THE COMMUNITY. THE FOUNDATION ALSO PLANS TO PROVIDE GRANT PROGRAMMING TWO TIMES A YEAR THAT BENEFITS THE GENERAL PUBLIC OF THE OLDER COMMUNITY IN PHILADELPHIA. RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 10954991 41498782 5081628 1652571 55882830 13597635 -2543844 98800 10954991 12428103 1511532 342000 13597635 11264515 1163588 12428103 9722811 1541610 11264421 0.96518 0.03482 0.00000 0 0 13774 6614 7160 7160 LEASE LIABILITY 109814 109814 X 46193001 1541146 135316 1676462 44516539 171737 171737 44688276 2665769 0 2665769 171737 171737 2837506 PART V, LINE 4: THE ENDOWMENT FUNDS ARE INTENDED TO BE USED TO DEFRAY A PORTION OF THE FOUNDATION'S OPERATING EXPENSES. PART X, LINE 2: RALSTON HAS REVIEWED THEIR TAX POSITIONS AND HAS CONCLUDED THAT NO LIABILITY FOR UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS SHOULD BE RECORDED RELATED TO UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS TAKEN ON FEDERAL AND STATE TAX RETURNS FOR THE OPEN TAX YEARS (2020- 2022) OR EXPECTED TO BE TAKEN IN THE CURRENT YEAR. PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: CHANGE IN VALUE OF BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN PERPETUAL TRUSTS 135,316. 1 ARTZ PHILADELPHIA 1229 CHESTNUT STREET 188 PHILADELPHIA PA 19107 810862996 501(C)(3) 25000 0 GEN OP BROAD STREET MINISTRY PO BOX 22656 PHILADELPHIA PA 19110 202760310 501(C)(3) 50000 0 GEN OP CARIE 1650 ARCH STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19103 232075900 501(C)(3) 50000 0 GEN OP CENTER IN THE PARK 5818 GERMANTOWN AVENUE PHILADELPHIA PA 19144 231919016 501(C)(3) 50000 0 GEN OP CHESTNUT HILL MEALS ON WHEELS 1710 BETHLEHEM PIKE FLOURTOWN PA 19031 264192537 501(C)(3) 18000 0 GEN OP CONNECTEDLY 4100 MAIN STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 191271623 222629856 501(C)(3) 30000 0 GEN OP FACE TO FACE FACE TO FACE PHILADELPHIA PA PA 19144 232862064 501(C)(3) 45000 0 GEN OP FEDERATION HOUSING INC 8900 ROOSEVELT BLVD PHILADELPHIA PA 19115 232122054 501(C)(3) 20000 0 GEN OP GENERATIONS ON LINE 1017 CLINTON STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19107 311672565 501(C)(3) 25000 0 GEN OP JOSEPH J HILL RALSTON-MERCY DOUGLASS HOUSE 3817 MARKET STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19104 232927054 501(C)(3) 35000 0 GEN OP KITHS INTEGRATED AND TARGETED HUMAN SERVICES 4923 OLD YORK RD 1ST FLOOR PHILADELPHIA PA 19141 371849042 501(C)(3) 10000 0 GEN OP LUTHERAN CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICE OF EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA (LIBERTY LUTHE 1016 N 41ST STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19104 231696007 501(C)(3) 30000 0 GEN OP MASJID AL-WASATIYAH 5727 HOFFMAN AVE PHILADELPHIA PA 19143 800556307 501(C)(3) 15000 0 GEN OP NORTHERN LIVING CENTER BY NORTH CITY CONGRESS (PCA) 827 N FRANKLIN STREET PHILADELPHIA PA PA 19123 231636636 501(C)(3) 50000 0 GEN OP NORTHWEST COMMUNITY COURT PROGRAM 2334 W HUNTING PARK AVE PHILADELPHIA PA 19140 873960730 501(C)(3) 10000 0 GEN OP NORTHWEST MUTUAL AID COLLECTIVE INC 5608 BAYNTON STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19144 862196062 501(C)(3) 30000 0 GEN OP PENN'S VILLAGE 201 S 21ST STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19103 421745957 501(C)(3) 15000 0 GEN OP PHILADELPHIA AGING PEOPLE IN PRISON HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN 5818 GERMANTOWN AVENUE PHILADELPHIA PA 19144 832771682 501(C)(3) 10000 0 GEN OP PHILADELPHIA CORPORATION FOR AGING 642 N BROAD ST PHILADELPHIA PA 191303424 231905649 501(C)(3) 50000 0 GEN OP REBUILDING TOGETHER PHILADELPHIA 3001 STOKLEY STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19129 232549594 501(C)(3) 50000 0 GEN OP THE CENTER-PHILADELPHIA 55 N BROAD STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19107 824814802 501(C)(3) 20000 0 GEN OP THE PHILIP JAISOHN MEMORIAL FOUNDATION 6705 OLD YORK ROAD PHILADELPHIA PA 19046 231978566 501(C)(3) 35000 0 GEN OP URBAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 6001 GERMANTOWN AVENUE PHILADELPHIA PA 19144 232017912 501(C)(3) 15000 0 GEN OP UUH OUTREACH PROGRAM 22 W RITTENHOUSE STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19144 231638192 501(C)(3) 25000 0 GEN OP YOGA 4 THE WORLD 501C3 500 W CHELTEN AVE PHILADELPHIA PA 19144 833798526 501(C)(3) 12500 0 GEN OP AFRICAN FAMILY HEALTH ORGANIZATION (AFAHO) 5400 GRAYS AVENUE PHILADELPHIA PA 191435823 731670436 501(C)(3) 50000 0 SENIOR CENTER PROGRAMMING CARING FOR FRIENDS 12271 TOWNSEND RD PHILADELPHIA PA 19154 232072722 501(C)(3) 100000 0 MEAL DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM CENTER IN THE PARK 5818 GERMANTOWN AVENUE PHILADELPHIA PA 19144 231919016 501(C)(3) 50000 0 NEW TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION AT SENIOR CENTER CONNECTEDLY 4100 MAIN STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 191271623 222629856 501(C)(3) 50000 0 EXPANSION OF TELECONFERENCE SUPPORT GROUPS COUNCIL FOR RELATIONSHIPS 4025 CHESTNUT STREET 1ST FLOOR PHILADELPHIA PA 19104 236297362 501(C)(3) 75000 0 THERAPY SERVICES FOR AT RISK OLDER ADULTS FACE TO FACE FACE TO FACE PHILADELPHIA PA PA 19144 232862064 501(C)(3) 50000 0 LICENSED THERAPIST AND HOUSING NAVIGATOR FEAST OF JUSTICE 3101 TYSON AVE PHILADELPHIA PA 19149 260392596 501(C)(3) 25000 0 FOOD PANTRY HEALTH FEDERATION OF PHILADELPHIA 123 S BROAD ST PHILADELPHIA PA 19109 232244355 501(C)(3) 125000 0 IMPROVED CARE MODEL FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH SMI HEALTH PROMOTION COUNCIL 1500 MARKET ST PHILADELPHIA PA 19102 232182113 501(C)(3) 50000 0 EDUCATION ON AND MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC CONDITIONS OF CAREGIVERS INGLIS COMMUNITY SERVICES 2600 BELMONT AVE PHILADELPHIA PA 191312713 853330459 501(C)(3) 10000 0 DISCRETIONARY INGLIS COMMUNITY SERVICES 2600 BELMONT AVE PHILADELPHIA PA 191312713 853330459 501(C)(3) 100000 0 EXPANSION OF HOME MODIFICATIONS FOR INDEPENDENCE PROGRAM INTERCOMMUNITY ACTION INC 6122 RIDGE AVENUE PHILADELPHIA PA 19128 231875249 501(C)(3) 50000 0 COMMUNITY BASED RESOURCES FOR AGING, BEHAVIORAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT DISABILITIES - PEER COUNSELING JEWISH FAMILY AND CHILDRENS SERVICE OF GREATER PHILADELPHIA 345 MONTGOMERY AVE BALA CYNWYD PA 19004 231352026 501(C)(3) 45000 0 MOBILE MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM JKPPA 610 HARPER AVENUE JENKINTOWN PA 19046 863780434 501(C)(3) 60000 0 DIGITAL LITERACY PROGRAM FOR SENIORS LUTHERAN SOCIAL MISSION SOCIETY DBA LUTHERAN SETTLEMENT HOUSE 1340 FRANKFORD AVENUE PHILADELPHIA PA 19125 231352365 501(C)(3) 50000 0 HEALTH COACHING AND WELLNESS PROGRAM MADLYN AND LEONARD ABRAMSON CENTER FOR JEWISH LIFE AND SUBSIDIARIES DBA ABR 5 SENTRY PARKWAY EAST BLUE BELL PA 19422 232083077 501(C)(3) 50000 0 EXPANSION OF CARE MANAGEMENT WITH NEW IT SPECIALIST MAZZONI CENTER 1348 BAINBRIDGE STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19147 232176338 501(C)(3) 60000 0 REMOTE PATIENT MONITORING PROGRAM PENN MEMORY CENTER UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 3615 CHESTNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19104 231352685 501(C)(3) 75000 0 MENTORSHIP PROGRAM/CAREGIVER SUPPORT AND PROGRAMING TARGETING ISOLATED ADULTS EXPERIENCING MODERATE DEMENTIA PHILADELPHIA CORPORATION FOR AGING 642 N BROAD ST PHILADELPHIA PA 191303424 231905649 501(C)(3) 60000 0 FOOD CHOICE MEAL PROGRAM SENIORLAW CENTER 1650 ARCH STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19103 232169936 501(C)(3) 75000 0 EXPANSION OF HOUSING/HOMEOWNERSHIP RIGHTS PROGRAM THE PHILIP JAISOHN MEMORIAL FOUNDATION 6705 OLD YORK ROAD PHILADELPHIA PA 19046 231978566 501(C)(3) 50000 0 WELLNESS PROGRAMMING AND TRANSPORTATION (URBAN AFFAIR COALITION) GRAND CENTRAL 1211 CHESTNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA PA 19107 237046393 501(C)(3) 10000 0 GEN OP 48 PART I, LINE 2: THE FOUNDATION PROVIDES GRANTS FOR GENERAL OPERATING AND SUPPORT INNOVATIVE. THE RECIPIENTS MUST MEET REQUIREMENTS FOR ELIGIBILITY AND ARE APPROVED BY A COMMITTEE PRIOR TO AWARD. AFTER AWARD, THE RECIPIENT MUST SUBMIT A FOLLOW UP REPORT AT LEAST ANNUALLY OR AS REQUESTED BY THE FOUNDATION. THE FOUNDATION REVIEWS THE REPORTS TO INFORM TO GAIN INFORMATION ON HOW THE FUNDS WERE USED AND REPORTS BACK TO THE COMMITTEE AND BOARD. X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LYNETTE M KILLEN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 210560 0 10000 0 0 0 9494 0 4403 0 234457 0 0 0 PART I, LINE 3 THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE REVIEWS AVAILABLE SURVEYS AND ALSO CONFERS WITH PAYCHEX, THE HR CONSULTANT FOR THE FOUNDATION. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1, MISSION STATEMENT CONTINUED: THE SARAH RALSTON FOUNDATION IS LED BY NINE GUIDING PRINCIPLES THAT DIRECT ALL OF ITS WORK. THE FOUNDATION: 1. SUPPORTS IDEAS, ACTIONS AND DEEDS THAT FACILITATE OUR MISSION. 2. UNDERSTANDS, APPRECIATES, AND LEVERAGES COMMUNITY ASSETS CREATING SYNERGIES WHILE ADDRESSING COMMUNITY NEEDS. 3. PRACTICES, SUPPORTS, AND FACILITATES ANTI-AGEIST BELIEFS, PRINCIPLES, AND ACTIONS. 4. RECOGNIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIONSHIPS TO THE WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS. 5. SEEKS PARTNERSHIPS WITH SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL IMPACT INCLUDING THOSE ORGANIZATIONS WHOSE PROGRAMS HAVE SHOWN IMPACT AND THOSE ORGANIZATIONS WHOSE PROGRAMS INTEND TO HAVE IMPACT. 6. PRACTICES, SUPPORTS AND FACILITATES DIVERSITY, EQUITY, INCLUSION AND ANTI-RACIST BELIEFS, PRINCIPLES, AND ACTIONS. 7. SEEKS OUT GRANTEE PARTNERS WHO ARE SUCCESSFULLY SERVING VULNERABLE AND UNDERSERVED OLDER ADULTS WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO BIPOC (BLACK, INDIGENOUS, AND PEOPLE OF COLOR) AND OTHER UNDERREPRESENTED POPULATIONS. 8. SEEKS OUT ORGANIZATIONS LED BY BIPOC (BLACK, INDIGENOUS, AND PEOPLE OF COLOR) AND OTHER UNDERREPRESENTED PERSONS AS GRANTEE PARTNERS. 9. EMBODIES THE PRINCIPLES OF TRUST-BASED PHILANTHROPY TO ADVANCE EQUITY, SHIFT POWER, ENGAGE THE COMMUNITY, AND BUILD MUTUALLY ACCOUNTABLE RELATIONSHIPS. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 2 GRANTS PROGRAM - TWO CYCLES: 1) GENERAL OPERATING AND 2) INNOVATIVE PROJECTS FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE: THE FOUNDATION RAN TWO GRANT CYCLES. THE FIRST CYCLE WAS AN OPERATING GRANT CYCLE - THE APPLICATION WAS DUE 4/1/2023, THE AWARDS WERE ANNOUNCED 5-2023, AND PAYMENTS MADE 6-2023. TO QUALIFY FOR THIS GRANT, THERE WAS A BUDGET CAP. THE SECOND CYCLE WAS AN INNOVATIVE GRANT CYCLE - THE APPLICATION WAS DUE 9/1/2023, THE AWARDS WERE ANNOUNCED 11-2023, AND PAYMENTS WERE MADE 12-2023. MANY OF THE INNOVATIVE GRANTS WERE MULTI-YEAR. THE OPERATING GRANTS WERE ONLY AWARDED FOR ONE YEAR. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 1A THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CONSISTS OF ALL OFFICERS AND THE CHAIR OF THE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETS AS NECESSARY TO HANDLE MATTERS OF SIGNIFICANCE BETWEEN BOARD MEETINGS AND IS EMPOWERED TO ACT ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED BY AN INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTING FIRM. THE DRAFT 990 RETURN IS REVIEWED AND APPROVED BY THE FINANCE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD PRIOR TO BEING FILED. AT THE BOARD MEETING FOLLOWING THE FINANCE COMMITTEE MEETING WHERE THE 990 WAS APPROVED, ALL BOARD MEMBERS WILL RECEIVE A COPY BEFORE BEING FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE FINANCE AND GOVERNANCE COMMITTEES AND THE COMMITTEE CHAIRS REVIEW CONFLICTS AT A BOARD MEETING. THE DISCUSSION IS DOCUMENTED AND INDIVIDUALS WITH A RECOGNIZED CONFLICT ARE INFORMED OF STEPS THEY MUST TAKE TO AVOID A CONFLICT. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE BOARD TO DETERMINE AND ENFORCE A POTENTIAL CONFLICT. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE REVIEWS INFORMATION FROM INDEPENDENT SOURCES AND DETERMINES THE COMPENSATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. THE COMPENSATION IS THEN REVIEWED AND APPROVED BY THE FULL BOARD AND DOCUMENTED ANNUALLY IN THE MINUTES. THE PROCESS DESCRIBED HERE WAS LAST COMPLETED IN 2023. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 COPY OF FORM 990 CAN BE OBTAINED BY EMAIL OR REGULAR MAIL UPON REQUEST. FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9: CHANGE IN VALUE OF BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN PERPETUAL TRUSTS 135,316. RALSTONMERCY DOUGLASS HOUSE 3817 MARKET ST PHILADELPHIA PA 19104 232927054 HUD 202 HOUSING PA 501(C)(3) LINE 10 THE SARAH RALSTON FOUNDATION 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0